Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can exist in different states, such as solid, liquid, and gas. The properties of matter determine its behavior and how it interacts with other substances.
The properties of matter can be divided into two categories: physical properties and chemical properties.
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance. Examples of physical properties include:
Chemical properties describe how a substance interacts with other substances to form new substances. Examples of chemical properties include:
Matter can exist in three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas.
In a solid, particles are tightly packed and have a fixed shape and volume. Solids have a definite shape and do not flow.
In a liquid, particles are close together but can move past each other. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.
In a gas, particles are far apart and move freely. Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume and can fill the entire space of their container.
Matter can change from one state to another through processes such as:
Understanding the properties and states of matter is essential for comprehending the behavior and interactions of substances. By studying these concepts, you can gain a deeper understanding of the physical world around you.
Skills And Processes: The student will demonstrate ways of thinking and acting inherent in the practice of science. The student will use the language and instruments of science to collect, organize, interpret, calculate, and communicate information.
The student will explain why curiosity, honesty, openness, and skepticism are highly regarded in science.
The student will modify or affirm scientific ideas according to accumulated evidence.The student will pose scientific questions and suggest investigative approaches to provide answers to questions.
The student will test a working hypothesis. (NTB)The student will use relationships discovered in the lab to explain phenomena observed outside the laboratory.
The student will demonstrate that data analysis is a vital aspect of the process of scientific inquiry and communication.
The student will organize data appropriately using techniques such as tables, graphs, and webs (for graphs: axes labeled with appropriate quantities, appropriate units on axes, axes labeled with appropriate intervals, independent and dependent variables on correct axes, appropriate title).
The student will analyze data to make predictions, decisions, or draw conclusions. The student will check graphs to determine that they do not misrepresent results. The student will use analyzed data to confirm, modify, or reject a hypothesis.The student will use appropriate methods for communicating in writing and orally the processes and results of scientific investigation.
The student will use computers and/or graphing calculators to produce the visual materials (tables, graphs, and spreadsheets) that will be used for communicating results. (NTB)
The student will use tables, graphs, and displays to support arguments and claims in both written and oral communication.
The student will communicate conclusions derived through a synthesis of ideas.Concepts Of Chemistry: The student will demonstrate the ability to use scientific skills and processes (Core Learning Goal 1) to explain composition and interactions of matter in the world in which we live.
The student will explain that atoms have structure and this structure serves as the basis for the properties of elements and the bonds that they form.
The student will analyze the structure of the atom and describe the characteristics of the particles found there.
The student will explain how the properties of compounds are related to the arrangement and type of atoms they contain.
The student will explain how the properties of a molecule are determined by the atoms it contains and their arrangement.
The student will describe the properties of solutions and explain how they form.The student will apply the basic concepts of thermodynamics (thermochemistry) to phases of matter and phase and chemical changes.
The student will explain that thermal energy in a material consists of the ordered and disordered motions of its colliding particles.
The student will describe observed changes in pressure, volume, or temperature of a sample in terms of macroscopic changes and the behavior of particles.
The student will explain why the interactions among particles involve a change in the energy system.The student will explain that matter undergoes transformations, resulting in products that are different from the reactants.